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The primary difference between stainless steel grades 301 and 304 lies in their chemical composition and resulting properties. Here’s a detailed comparison:

Composition:

301 Stainless Steel:

Chromium: 16-18%

Nickel: 6-8%

Carbon: ≤ 0.15%

Manganese: ≤ 2%

Silicon: ≤ 1%

Nitrogen: ≤ 0.1%

Phosphorus: ≤ 0.045%

Sulfur: ≤ 0.03%

304 Stainless Steel:

Chromium: 18-20%

Nickel: 8-10.5%

Carbon: ≤ 0.08%

Manganese: ≤ 2%

Silicon: ≤ 1%

Nitrogen: ≤ 0.1%

Phosphorus: ≤ 0.045%

Sulfur: ≤ 0.03%

Key Differences in Properties:

Corrosion Resistance:

304 Stainless Steel has better corrosion resistance than 301 due to its higher chromium and nickel content. It is more suitable for environments where exposure to corrosive elements is a concern.

Mechanical Properties:

301 Stainless Steel has higher carbon content, which increases its strength and hardness through work hardening. It is commonly used in applications where high tensile strength and good ductility are required.

304 Stainless Steel is more ductile and easier to form and weld. It maintains good strength and toughness at low temperatures.

Applications:

301 Stainless Steel: Often used in high-strength applications like springs, automotive parts, and structural components due to its excellent work hardening properties.

304 Stainless Steel: Widely used in kitchen equipment, food processing, chemical containers, and piping due to its superior corrosion resistance and ease of fabrication.

Magnetic Properties:

301 Stainless Steel is more likely to become magnetic when cold worked, whereas 304 Stainless Steel is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but may become slightly magnetic when cold worked.

Summary:

301 Stainless Steel is ideal for applications requiring high strength and hardness through cold working, with moderate corrosion resistance.

304 Stainless Steel offers excellent corrosion resistance, good formability, and ease of welding, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

In essence, 301 is chosen for its high strength and hardness, while 304 is preferred for its superior corrosion resistance and versatility in forming and welding.